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Simulation of viscoelastic behavior of defected rock by using numerical manifold method

Feng REN, Lifeng FAN, Guowei MA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 199-207 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0102-1

摘要： Numerical simulations of longitudinal wave propagation in a rock bar with microcracks are conducted by using the numerical manifold method which has great advantages in the simulation of discontinuities. Firstly, validation of the numerical manifold method is carried out by simulations of a longitudinal stress wave propagating through intact and cracked rock bars. The behavior of the stress wave traveling in a one-dimensional rock bar with randomly distributed microcracks is subsequently studied. It is revealed that the highly defected rock bar has significant viscoelasticity to the stress wave propagation. Wave attenuation as well as time delay is affected by the length, quantity, specific stiffness of the distributed microcracks as well as the incident stress wave frequency. The storage and loss moduli of the defected rock are also affected by the microcrack properties; however, they are independent of incident stress wave frequency.

关键词： stress wave propagation     defected rock     numerical manifold method     viscoelastic behavior     storage modulus     loss modulus    

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Computational methods for fracture in rock: a review and recent advances

Ali JENABIDEHKORDI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 273-287 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0459-5

摘要： We present an overview of the most popular state-of-the-art computational methods available for modelling fracture in rock. The summarized numerical methods can be classified into three categories: Continuum Based Methods, Discrete Crack Approaches, and Block-Based Methods. We will not only provide an extensive review of those methods which can be found elsewhere but particularly address their potential in modelling fracture in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. In this context, we will discuss their key applications, assumptions, and limitations. Furthermore, we also address ‘general’ difficulties that may arise for simulating fracture in rock and fractured rock. This review will conclude with some final remarks and future challenges.

关键词： numerical modelling     method development     rock mechanics     fractured rock     rock fracturing    

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Correction to: Effect of undercut on the lower bound stability of vertical rock escarpment using finite

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0035-5

摘要： Correction to: Effect of undercut on the lower bound stability of vertical rock escarpment using finite element and power cone programming

关键词： finite element power     stability rock escarpment    

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Aspects of rock permeability

Lianyang ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 102-116 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0201-2

摘要： Effective evaluation of rock permeability is required in different energy, engineering and environmental projects. Although much research has been conducted on rock permeability, it is still one of the most difficult tasks for practicing rock engineers to accurately determine rock permeability. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this paper outlines the key aspects of rock permeability by presenting the representative values of the permeability of different rocks, describing the empirical and semi-empirical correlations for estimating the permeability of rocks, and discussing the main factors affecting the permeability of rocks. The factors discussed include stress, depth, temperature, and discontinuity intensity and aperture. This paper also highlights the scale effect on rock permeability, interconnectivity of discontinuities, and anisotropy of rock permeability. This paper provides the fundamental and essential information required for effective evaluation of rock permeability.

关键词： rock     permeability     discontinuity     stress     temperature     scale effect     anisotropy    

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Influence of soft rock-fill material as dam embankment with central bituminous concrete membrane

Peter TSCHERNUTTER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 63-70 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0016-3

摘要： This paper demonstrates the difficulties in determining the relevant material parameters for a valuation of the deformation behavior of the up- and downstream dam shell by means of an embankment dam of medium height. Laboratory as well as field tests on solid rock-fill material were performed before the beginning of construction. During the construction the properties of the available rock-fill changed from solid to soft materials. This gave rise to the necessity of adjusting the dam design of the downstream dam shoulder. Several times higher dam settlements as well as significant differential settlements between the up- and downstream dam shell were observed during construction and operation. Apart from this situation, the dam has been operated for nearly 20 years and the behavior of the water barrier has been very good.

关键词： embankment dam     bituminous concrete membrane     rock-fill material properties     deformation behavior    

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interface adhesion factor on the bearing capacity of strip footing placed on cohesive soil overlying rock

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 1494-1503 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0768-y

摘要： The problem related to bearing capacity of footing either on pure soil or on pure rock mass has been investigated over the years. Currently, no study deals with the bearing capacity of strip footing on a cohesive soil layer overlying rock mass. Therefore, by implementing the lower bound finite element limit analysis in conjunction with the second-order cone programming and the power cone programming, the ultimate bearing capacity of a strip footing located on a cohesive soil overlying rock mass is determined in this study. By considering the different values of interface adhesion factor (αcr) between the cohesive soil and rock mass, the ultimate bearing capacity of strip footing is expressed in terms of influence factor (If) for different values of cohesive soil layer cover ratio (Tcs/B). The failure of cohesive soil is modeled by using Mohr−Coulomb yield criterion, whereas Generalized Hoek−Brown yield criterion is utilized to model the rock mass at failure. The variations ofIf with different magnitudes of αcr are studied by considering the influence of the rock mass strength parameters of beneath rock mass layer. To examine stress distribution at different depths, failure patterns are also plotted.

关键词： bearing capacity     soil-rock interface     Hoek−Brown yield criterion     plasticity     limit analysis    

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Mechanical properties of rock materials with related to mineralogical characteristics and grain size

Wenjuan SUN, Linbing WANG, Yaqiong WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 322-328 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0387-9

摘要： Mechanical properties of rock materials are related to textural characteristics. The relationships between mechanical properties and textural characteristics have been extensively investigated for differently types of rocks through experimental tests. Based on the experimental test data, single- and multiple- variant regression analyses are conducted among mechanical properties and textural characteristics. Textural characteristics of rock materials are influenced by the following factors: mineral composition, size, shape, and spatial distribution of mineral grains, porosity, and inherent microcracks. This study focuses on the first two: mineral composition and grain size. ? This study comprehensively summarizes the regression equations between mechanical properties and mineral content and the regression equations between mechanical properties and grain size. Further research directions are suggested at the end of this study.

关键词： Mechanical properties     rock material     texture     mineral characteristics    

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Frost heave and freezing processes of saturated rock with an open crack under different freezing conditions

Zhitao LV, Caichu XIA, Yuesong WANG, Ziliang LIN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 947-960 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0638-z

摘要： Frost heave experiments on saturated sandstone and tuff with an open crack are conducted under uniform and unidirectional freezing conditions. Frost heave of crack in sandstone with high permeability is more significant under uniform freezing condition than that under unidirectional freezing condition. However, frost heave of crack in tuff with low permeability is more significant under unidirectional freezing condition. To illustrate the reasons for this phenomenon, a numerical model on the freezing processes of saturated rock with an open crack considering the latent heat of pore water and water in crack is proposed and confirmed to be reliable. Numerical results show that a frozen shell that blocks the migration of water in crack to rock develops first in the outer part of the rock before the freezing of water in crack under uniform freezing condition. However, the migration path of water in crack to the unfrozen rock under freezing front exists under unidirectional freezing condition. The freezing process and permeability of rock together determine the migration of water in crack and lead to the different frost heave modes of crack for various permeable rocks under different freezing conditions. The frost heave modes of crack in rock with low or high permeability are similar under uniform freezing condition because water migration is blocked by a frozen shell and is irrelevant to rock permeability. For high permeability rock, the frost heave of crack will be weakened due to water migration under unidirectional freezing condition; however, the frost heave of crack would be more significant for low permeability rock because water migration is blocked under unidirectional freezing condition. Therefore, the freezing condition and rock permeability determine the frost heave of rock with crack together, and this should be concerned in cold regions engineering applications.

关键词： frost heave     rock with crack     freezing process     freezing condition     frost heave mode    

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On the seismic stability analysis of reinforced rock slope and optimization of prestressed cables

Wenbo ZHENG, Xiaoying ZHUANG, Yongchang CAI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 132-146 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0152-z

摘要： The evaluation of the seismic stability of high rock slopes is of vital importance to ensure the safe operation of the hydropower stations. In this paper, an equivalent pseudo-static force analysis based on the finite element method is developed to evaluate the seismic stability of reinforced rock slopes where the prestressed cables are modeled by the bar elements applied with nodal forces and bounded only at the anchored parts. The method is applied to analyze a high rock slope in south-west China and the optimization of cables. The stabilization effects of prestressed cables on the seismic stability of the slope are studied, the simulations of the concrete heading are discussed and the potential failure modes of the shear concrete plug are compared. Based on this, the optimization of cables is studied including the anchor spacing and inclined angles.

关键词： high rock slope     reinforced system     optimization     prestressed cable     seismicity    

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Field and laboratory experimental studies on hard-rock tunnel excavation based on disc cutter coupled

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 1370-1386 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0947-0

摘要： The tunnel boring machine (TBM) is typically used in hard-rock tunnel excavation. Owing to the unsatisfactory adaptability of TBM to the surrounding rock, when crossing high-strength and high-wear strata, the TBM can easily cause defects, such as abnormal wear on cutters and overload damage to bearings, thus affecting the construction efficiency and cost. Therefore, high-pressure waterjet technology should be applied to assist in rock breaking for efficient TBM tunneling. In this study, the effects of water pressure, nozzle diameter, and nozzle speed on cutting are investigated via laboratory experiments of cutting hard rock using high-pressure waterjets. The penetration performance of the TBM under different water pressures is investigated via a field industrial penetration test. The results show that high-pressure waterjets are highly efficient for rock breaking and are suitable for industrial applications, as they can accommodate the advancing speed of the TBM and achieve high-efficiency rock breaking. However, during the operation of high-pressure waterjets, the ambient temperature and waterjet temperature in the tunnel increase significantly, which weakens the cooling effect of the cutterhead and decreases the construction efficiency of the TBM. Therefore, temperature control and cooling measures for high-pressure waterjets during their long-term operation must be identified. This study provides a useful reference for the design and construction of high-pressure water-jet-assisted cutterheads for breaking road headers.

关键词： tunnel boring machine     hard-rock cutting     free face     disc cutter     rock-cutting efficiency    

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深部开采的一些挑战 Review

Charles Fairhurst

《工程（英文）》 2017年 第3卷 第4期   页码 527-537 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.017

摘要：

持续增长的全球矿产供给对于满足迅速增长的世界人口的需求和期望是必不可少的。这意味着要向更深处开采。由设备供应商通过自持久R&D 研发的自动开采系统，减少了矿工暴露于恶劣的工作环境并增加了安全性。为确定矿产经济地被开采出来的深度，安全性的增长在于“地面控制”和岩石力学。尽管第二次世界大战以来，为将力学应用在采矿设计上，研究者付出了许多重要的努力，但均出现过技术和组织上的障碍。相较于大多数其他工科学科所遇到的典型工程材料，原位岩石是更复杂的一种。几千年来，采矿工程在设计上大量地依赖于经验方法。随着日益向矿山深部探索，这些方法不再适用于解决21 世纪的挑战。2008 年综合岩体模型（SRM）的发展给研究者提供了分析各向异性和不连续性岩体变形行为的能力——这些属性于1966 年被国际岩石力学学会（ISRM）的主席和创始人Leopold Müller 描述为原位岩石的本质特征。运用SRM 在大尺度采矿作业数值模拟（如崩落法）上的最新进展揭露了未预料到的岩石的变形行为。大量的平行计算和云计算技术的应用提供了许多重要机会，例如，评价数值预测中的不确定性；建立现用于岩石工程中的经验法则的力学基础及其在现有经验之上的岩体行为预测的正确性；还有在深部开采的优化设计中采用离散元法。首次，采矿和岩石工程将有其自有的基于力学的“实验室”。这有望成为在未来深部高效开采设计中的主要手段。通过在有80 多年历史的塔斯马尼亚Mount Lyell 铜矿应用采矿法反演，本文以演示实验室中DEM 和SRM 程序应用的讨论作为结束。

关键词： 深部开采     岩石的不连续性     综合岩体模型     矿产资源     岩石力学    

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赋含稀有及有色金属的长英质岩体岩石学与岩石地球化学对比分析

王子玺,凌锦兰,宋艳芳

《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第2期   页码 50-58

摘要：

长英质岩体常赋含Cu、Mo、W、Sn、Nb、Ta而形成稀有及有色金属矿床，大多数富矿岩体都属于小岩体（面积＜10 km2）。赋含铜钼矿的岩体中岩浆的SiO2、K2O、K2O/Na2O高有利于富集Mo；Al2O3、Fe2O3T、MgO、CaO含量高有利于富集Cu。赋含钨锡矿的岩体中岩浆的SiO2、K2O高有利于富集W；Al2O3、Fe2O3T、MgO、CaO含量高有利于富集Sn。赋含铌钽的岩体中岩浆中高Fe2O3T、低P2O5、富碱、高TiO2有利于Nb的富集。含Cu矿岩体基本都属I型花岗岩，而含Mo矿岩体属由I型到S型的过渡类型；赋含钨锡矿的岩体基本属于S型花岗岩；而赋含铌钽矿的长英质岩体成因类型复杂，I型、S型、A型花岗岩均有。

关键词： 长英质岩体；稀有金属；有色金属；岩石成因；小岩体    

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Crack evolution of soft–hard composite layered rock-like specimens with two fissures under uniaxial compression

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 1372-1389 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0772-2

摘要： Acoustic emission and digital image correlation were used to study the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of crack extension of soft and hard composite laminated rock masses (SHCLRM) containing double fissures under uniaxial compression. The effects of different rock combination methods and prefabricated fissures with different orientations on mechanical properties and crack coalescence patterns were analyzed. The characteristics of the acoustic emission source location distribution, and frequency changes of the crack evolution process were also investigated. The test results show that the damage mode of SHCLRM is related to the combination mode of rock layers and the orientation of fractures. Hard layers predominantly produce tensile cracks; soft layers produce shear cracks. The first crack always sprouts at the tip or middle of prefabricated fractures in hard layers. The acoustic emission signal of SHCLRM with double fractures has clear stage characteristics, and the state of crack development can be inferred from this signal to provide early warning for rock fracture instability. This study can provide a reference for the assessment of the fracture development status between adjacent roadways in SHCLRM in underground mines, as well as in roadway layout and support.

关键词： soft−hard composite layered rock mass     double cracks     crack evolution     acoustic emission     digital image correlation    

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深部岩体动力变形与破坏基本问题

李杰,王明洋,张宁,范鹏贤

《中国工程科学》 2013年 第15卷 第5期   页码 71-79

摘要：

深部岩体非线性力学行为是目前岩石力学界研究的重点和难点，研究的困难在于在很大的动力变形与破坏情况下如何阐述岩体的性质。本文通过对深部围岩变形破坏机理、深部岩体动力破坏过程中的基本问题（时间效应、断裂损伤描述等）以及深部岩体特征科学现象（分区破裂、岩爆理论）等方面的研究成果进行梳理和总结，指出深部岩体力学问题是有效的四维空间问题，是在开挖寿命尺度上应力状态的演化，对深部围岩变形破坏机理的研究必须要建立与时间、空间有关的岩石性质的概念。目前要揭示深部岩体卸荷状态下真实的变形与破坏过程，必须继续在连续介质力学框架内研究基于微、细观物理力学的理论，在强度理论中引入时间参数作为塑性流动和破坏过程的特征，并采用合理的手段描述岩体的断裂损伤，岩爆和分区破裂是一个科学问题的两个现象，应当用统一的理论来解释和模拟，本文研究成果可为今后的研究工作指明方向。

关键词： 深部岩体     动力破坏     时间效应     断裂损伤     岩爆     分区破裂    

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硗碛水电站土石坝坝肩强风化岩体处理

王寿根

《中国工程科学》 2005年 第7卷 第3期   页码 78-83

摘要：

硗碛水电站宽级配碎石土心墙堆石坝坝高123 m，坝肩两岸千枚岩、砂岩岩体强风化水平深度14.6～66.4 m，由于岩体强风化深度大，按规范开挖工程量巨大，故仅开挖至强风化上部（局部达强风化中部），突破该规范要求。文章详实论述了硗碛水电站坝肩强风化岩体处理方案、灌浆试验成果及工艺要求，论证了采用灌浆加固及防渗处理的可行性，提出了处理措施及施工控制标准。

关键词： 硗碛水电站     土石坝     坝肩处理     强风化岩体     固结灌浆     帷幕灌浆    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Simulation of viscoelastic behavior of defected rock by using numerical manifold method

Feng REN, Lifeng FAN, Guowei MA

期刊论文

Computational methods for fracture in rock: a review and recent advances

Ali JENABIDEHKORDI

期刊论文

Correction to: Effect of undercut on the lower bound stability of vertical rock escarpment using finite

期刊论文

Aspects of rock permeability

Lianyang ZHANG

期刊论文

Influence of soft rock-fill material as dam embankment with central bituminous concrete membrane

Peter TSCHERNUTTER

期刊论文

interface adhesion factor on the bearing capacity of strip footing placed on cohesive soil overlying rock

期刊论文

Mechanical properties of rock materials with related to mineralogical characteristics and grain size

Wenjuan SUN, Linbing WANG, Yaqiong WANG

期刊论文

Frost heave and freezing processes of saturated rock with an open crack under different freezing conditions

Zhitao LV, Caichu XIA, Yuesong WANG, Ziliang LIN

期刊论文

On the seismic stability analysis of reinforced rock slope and optimization of prestressed cables

Wenbo ZHENG, Xiaoying ZHUANG, Yongchang CAI

期刊论文

Field and laboratory experimental studies on hard-rock tunnel excavation based on disc cutter coupled

期刊论文

深部开采的一些挑战

Charles Fairhurst

期刊论文

赋含稀有及有色金属的长英质岩体岩石学与岩石地球化学对比分析

王子玺,凌锦兰,宋艳芳

期刊论文

Crack evolution of soft–hard composite layered rock-like specimens with two fissures under uniaxial compression

期刊论文

深部岩体动力变形与破坏基本问题

李杰,王明洋,张宁,范鹏贤

期刊论文

硗碛水电站土石坝坝肩强风化岩体处理

王寿根

期刊论文